| 13th Commonwealth Games | |
|---|---|
| Host city | Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom |
| Nations participating | 27 nations of the Commonwealth |
| Athletes participating | 1,660 |
| Events | 165 events in 10 sports |
| Opening ceremony | 24 July 1986 |
| Closing ceremony | 2 August 1986 |
| Main Stadium | Meadowbank Stadium |
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom for the second time. The Games were held from 24 July-2 August 1986.
Contents |
Despite the popular success of the previous 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, the 1986 Games are remembered with considerable notoriety due to a large political boycott and financial mismanagement.
The games were boycotted by a large number of African, Asian and Caribbean countries, reducing them almost to a whites-only affair. In all 32 of the 59 Commonwealth nations due to take part boycotted the Games, the lowest turnout since 1950, to protest the Thatcher Government's attitude towards British sporting links with apartheid-era South Africa.
Further controversy came about when it was revealed that due to the lack of participation and associated decline in anticipated broadcasting and sponsorship revenues, the Organising Committee was facing a serious financial black hole, and the boycott ended any prospect of securing emergency government assistance. Businessman Robert Maxwell stepped in to offer funding, taking over as chairman, but despite promising to invest £2m, Maxwell's contribution was just £250,000. On a budget of £14m, the Games opened with a deficit of £3m, which later grew to £4.3m, and instead of putting enough money into the event to save it, the new chairman of the Games asked creditors to forgo half the payment due to them to keep the event out of liquidation. The debt was finally paid off in 1989, with the city of Edinburgh losing approximately £500,000. [1]
Several participants were excluded because they breached the amateurism rules, most notably lawn bowlers Phil Skoglund from New Zealand and Willie Wood from Scotland, both of whom have competed in subsequent games.
Because of the boycott only 28 countries took part in the games with the Maldives and Norfolk Island making their first appearance in the games.
Bermuda (Took part in opening ceremony but boycotted rest of the games)
The theme of the opening ceremony celebrated the "Spirit of Youth", and included 6500 Scottish schoolchildren taking part in a series of large Mass Games-style Gymnastics routines. The theme song "Spirit of Youth" was written by Gerard Kenny. The ceremony began on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle with hundreds of schoolchildren running from there down the Royal Mile, through Holyrood Park to Meadowbank Stadium[2]. The Bermudan team took part in the opening ceremony, before being ordered to boycott the games and leave.
This is the last Commonwealth Games to date in which Australia did not top the medal rankings.
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | England | 52 | 43 | 49 | 144 |
| 2 | Canada | 51 | 34 | 31 | 116 |
| 3 | Australia | 40 | 46 | 35 | 121 |
| 4 | New Zealand | 8 | 16 | 14 | 38 |
| 5 | Wales | 6 | 5 | 12 | 23 |
| 6 | Scotland | 3 | 12 | 18 | 33 |
| 7 | Northern Ireland | 2 | 4 | 9 | 15 |
| 8 | Isle of Man | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 | Guernsey | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 | Swaziland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Hong Kong | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 12 | Malawi | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 13 | Botswana | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Jersey | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Singapore | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 163 | 163 | 176 | 502 | |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed | ||||||
| Mixed Team | England | Canada | Australia | |||
| Mixed Doubles | Australia Mike Scandolera Audrey Tucker |
England Andy Goode Fiona Elliott |
Scotland Billy Gilliland Christine Heatly |
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| Men | ||||||
| Men's Singles | Steve Baddeley (ENG) | Sze Yu (AUS) | Nick Yates (ENG) | |||
| Men's Doubles | Scotland Billy Gilliland Dan Travers |
England Andy Goode Nigel Tier |
New Zealand Kerrin Harrison Glenn Stewart |
|||
| Women | ||||||
| Women's Singles | Helen Troke (ENG) | Fiona Elliott (ENG) | Gillian Clark (ENG) | |||
| Women's Doubles | England Gillian Clark Gillian Gowers |
Canada Johanne Falardeau Denyse Julian |
England Fiona Elliott |
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| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Singles | Ian Dickison (NZL) | Ian Schuback (AUS) | Richard Corsie (SCO) | |||
| Pairs | Scotland George Adrain Grant Knox |
Canada Bill Boettger Ronnie Jones |
England Chris Ward David Ward |
|||
| Fours | Wales | Canada | Northern Ireland | |||
| Women | ||||||
| Singles | Wendy Line (ENG) | Senga McCrone (SCO) | Flora Anderson (BOT) | |||
| Pairs | Northern Ireland Freda Elliott Margaret Johnston |
Guernsey Janet Nicolle Marie Smith |
England Betty Stubbings Jean Valls |
|||
| Fours | Wales | Australia | England | |||
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light Flyweight | Scott Olson (CAN) | Mark Epton (ENG) | Johnston Todd (NIR) Wilson Docherty (SCO) |
| Flyweight | John Lyon (ENG) | Leonard Makhanya (SWZ) | Kerry Webber (WAL) Steve Beaupré (CAN) |
| Bantamweight | Sean Murphy (ENG) | Roy Nash (NIR) | Glen Brooks (SCO) John Sollitoe (JER) |
| Featherweight | Billy Downey (CAN) | Peter English (ENG) | Chris Carleton (NIR) Johnny Wallace (NZL) |
| Lightweight | Asif Dar (CAN) | Neil Haddock (WAL) | Byton Mphande (MAW) Joe Jacobs (ENG) |
| Light Welterweight | Howard Grant (CAN) | David Clencie (AUS) | Brendan Lowe (NIR) Solomon Kondowe (MAW) |
| Welterweight | Darren Dyer (ENG) | John McAllister (SCO) | John Shaw (CAN) Damien Denny (NIR) |
| Light Middleweight | Dan Sherry (CAN) | Rick Finch (AUS) | Glynn Thomas (WAL) Alex Mullen (SCO) |
| Middleweight | Rod Douglas (ENG) | Jeff Harding (AUS) | Patrick Tinney (NIR) George Ferrie (SCO) |
| Light Heavyweight | Jim Moran (ENG) | Harry Lawson (SCO) | Brett Kosolofski (CAN) |
| Heavyweight | Jimmy Thunder Peau (NZL) | Douggie Young (SCO) | Dominic D'Amico (CAN) Eric Cardouza (ENG) |
| Super Heavyweight | Lennox Lewis (CAN) | Aneurin Evans (WAL) | James Oyebola (ENG) |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Time Trial | Martin Vinnicombe (AUS) | 00:01:06 | Gary Anderson (NZL) | 00:01:06 | Maxwell Rainsford (AUS) | 00:01:07 |
| Sprint | Gary Neiwand (AUS) | Alex Ongaro (CAN) | Eddie Alexander (SCO) | |||
| Individual Pursuit | Dean Woods (AUS) | 00:04:44 | Colin Sturgess (ENG) | 00:04:51 | Gary Anderson (NZL) | 00:04:54 |
| Team Pursuit | Australia Glenn Clarke Brett Dutton Bill Hardy Wayne McCarney Dean Woods |
00:04:27 | New Zealand Gary Anderson Russell Clune Stephen Swart Andrew Whitford |
00:04:34 | England Chris Boardman Gary Colman Rob Muzio Jon Walsha m |
overtaken |
| 10 Miles (16 Kilometres) Scratch | Wayne McCarney (AUS) | 00:19:41 | Dean Woods (AUS) | 00:19:41 | Gary Anderson (NZL) | 00:19:41 |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Road Race | Paul Curran (ENG) | 04:08:50 | Brian Fowler (NZL) | 04:08:50 | Jeff Leslie (AUS) | 04:08:50 |
| Team Time Trial | England | 02:13:16 | New Zealand | 02:14:50 | Northern Ireland | 02:16:13 |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Single Sculls | England Steve Redgrave |
00:07:28 | Australia Richard Powell |
00:07:33 | New Zealand Eric Verdonk |
00:07:39 |
| Double Sculls | Canada Bruce Ford Pat Walter |
00:06:19 | Australia Paul Reedy Brenton Terrell |
00:06:21 | England Carl Smith Alan Whitwell |
00:06:34 |
| Coxless Pairs | England Andy Holmes Steve Redgrave |
00:06:40 | New Zealand Barrie Mabbott Ian Wright |
00:06:43 | Scotland Ewan Stuart David Riches |
00:06:43 |
| Coxless Fours | Canada Grant Mann Kevin Neufeld Paul Steele Pat Turner |
00:06:01 | New Zealand Andrew Stevenson Shane O'Brien Neil Gibson Don Symon |
00:06:01 | England Graham Faultless Richard Ireland Mostyn Field Humphrey Hatton |
00:06:06 |
| Coxed Fours | England Martin Cross Adam Clift Andy Holmes Steve Redgrave Adrian Ellison |
00:06:08 | New Zealand Nigel Atherfold Chris White Greg Johnston Bruce Holden Andrew Bird |
00:06:10 | Australia Mark Doyle James Galloway Michael McKay James Tomkins Dale Caterson |
00:06:11 |
| Eights | Australia | 00:05:44 | England | 00:05:46 | New Zealand | 00:05:48 |
| Lightweight Single Sculls | Australia Peter Antonie |
00:07:16 | Canada Peter Tattersall |
00:07:27 | England Carl Smith |
00:07:27 |
| Lightweight Coxless Fours | England Christopher Bates Peter Haining Neil Staite Stuart Forbes |
00:06:26 | Australia Simon Cook Brian Digby Merrick Howes Joseph Joyce |
00:06:28 | Canada Dave Henry Brian Peaker Bob Thomas Ryan Tierney |
00:06:36 |
| Women | ||||||
| Single Sculls | New Zealand Stephanie Foster |
00:07:43 | Canada Lisa Wright |
00:07:49 | England Gillian Bond |
00:07:53 |
| Double Sculls | New Zealand Stephanie Foster Robin Clarke |
00:07:22 | Canada Heather Clarke Lisa Robertson |
00:07:49 | England Diane Prince Claire Parker |
00:07:55 |
| Coxless Pairs | Canada Kathryn Barr Andrea Schreiner |
00:07:35 | England Pauline Bird Fiona Johnson |
00:07:42 | Australia Catherine Hall Alison Smith |
00:07:53 |
| Coxed Fours | Canada Tina Clarke Tricia Smith Lesley Thompson Jane Tregunno Jenny Wallinga |
00:06:50 | Australia Debbie Bassett Susan Chapman-Popa Robyn Grey-Gardner Marilyn Kidd Kaylynn Fry |
00:06:54 | England Joanne Gough Elizabeth Callaway Kate Holroyd Patricia Reid Alison Norrish |
00:07:06 |
| Eights | Australia | 00:06:44 | England | 00:06:46 | Canada | NTT |
| Lightweight Single Sculls | Australia Adair Ferguson |
00:07:45 | New Zealand Philippa Baker |
00:07:46 | Canada Heather Hattin |
00:07:52 |
| Lightweight Coxless Fours | England Alexa Forbes Gillian Hodges Linda Clark Judith Burne |
00:06:55 | Australia Deborah Clingeleffer Amanda Cross Virginia Lee Karin Riedel |
00:07:00 | Canada Anne Drost Marni Hamilton Marlene van der Horst Wendy Wiebe |
00:07:01 |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Free Pistol | Greg Yelavich (NZL) | 551 | Phil Adams (AUS) Ho Kar Fai (HKG) |
549 | ||
| Free Pistol - Pairs | Canada Tom Guinn Claude Beaulieu |
1099 | England Paul Leatherdale Richard Wang |
1090 | Australia Phil Adams Bengt Sandström (AUS) Hong Kong |
1085 |
| Centre-Fire Pistol | Bob Northover (ENG) | 583 | Phil Adams (AUS) | 582 | Rod Hack (AUS) | 580 |
| Centre-Fire Pistol - Pairs | Phil Adams Rod Hack (AUS) |
1165 | Bob Northover Michael Cutler (ENG) |
1157 | Rex Hamilton Barry O'Neale (NZL) |
1153 |
| Rapid-Fire Pistol | Pat Murray (AUS) | 591 | Adrian Breton (GUE) | 588 | Mark Howkins (CAN) | 585 |
| Rapid-Fire Pistol - Pairs | Brian Girling Terry Turner (ENG) |
1169 | Pat Murray Jack Mast (AUS) |
1152 | Mark Howkins André Chevrefils (CAN) |
1150 |
| Air Pistol | Greg Yelavich (NZL) | 575 | Tom Guinn (CAN) | 574 | Gilbert U (HKG) | 574 |
| Air Pistol - Pairs | England Paul Leatherdale Ian Reid |
1143 | Australia Phil Adams Bruce Favell |
1143 | New Zealand Greg Yelavich Barrie Wickens |
1140 |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Small Bore Rifle, Prone | Alan Smith (AUS) | 599 | Alister Allan (SCO) | 598 | Gale Stewart (CAN) John Knowles (SCO) |
597 |
| Small Bore Rifle, Prone - Pairs | Canada Michael Ashcroft Gale Stewart |
1175 | Australia Donald Brook Alan Smith |
1171 | Wales Terry Wakefield Colin Harris |
1165 |
| Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions | Malcolm Cooper (ENG) | 1170 | Alister Allan (SCO) | 1167 | Jean-François Sénécal (CAN) | 1150 |
| Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions - Pairs | England Malcolm Cooper Sarah Cooper |
2278 | Canada Jean-François Sénécal Michael Dion |
2276 | Scotland Alister Allan Bill MacNeill |
2241 |
| Full Bore Rifle | Stan Golinski (AUS) | 396 | Alain Marion (CAN) | 396 | John Bloomfield (ENG) | 395 |
| Full Bore Rifle - Pairs | Canada Bill Baldwin Alain Marion |
583 | Australia James Corbett Stan Golinski |
583 | Northern Ireland David Calvert Martin Millar |
582 |
| Air Rifle | Guy Lorion (CAN) | 588 | Sharon Bowes (CAN) | 583 | Malcolm Cooper (ENG) | 582 |
| Air Rifle - Pairs | Canada Guy Lorion Sharon Bowes |
1167 | Australia Wolfgang Jobst Anton Wurfel |
1151 | England Malcolm Cooper Robert Smith |
1146 |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Trap | Ian Peel (ENG) | 195 | Peter Boden (ENG) | 192 | Roland Phillips (WAL) | 192 |
| Trap - Pairs | England Peter Boden Ian Peel |
185 | Northern Ireland Tom Hewitt Eamon Furphy |
183 | Australia Terry Rumbel Domingo Diaz |
183 |
| Skeet | Nigel Kelly (IOM) | 196 | Joe Neville (ENG) Brian Gabriel (CAN) |
195 | ||
| Skeet - Pairs | England Joe Neville Ken Harman |
195 | Canada Brian Gabriel Don Kwasyncia |
193 | New Zealand John Woolley Jeff Farrell |
189 |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Flyweight - Overall | Greg Hayman (AUS) | 212.5 | Charlie Revolta (SCO) | 185 | Alan Ogilvie (SCO) | 177.5 |
| Bantamweight - Overall | Nick Voukelatos (AUS) | 245 | Clayton Chelley (NZL) | 217.5 | Teo Yong Joo (SIN) | 215 |
| Featherweight - Overall | Ray Williams (WAL) | 252.5 | David Lowenstein (AUS) | 250 | Jeffrey Brice (WAL) | 235 |
| Lightweight - Overall | Dean Willey (ENG) | 315 | Ron Laycock (AUS) | 307.5 | Langis Côté (CAN) | 290 |
| Middleweight - Overall | Bill Stellios (AUS) | 302.5 | Louis Payer (CAN) | 300 | Neil Taylor (WAL) | 270 |
| Light Heavyweight - Overall | David Morgan (WAL) | 350 | Robert Kabbas (AUS) | 325 | Peter May (ENG) | 317.5 |
| Middle Heavyweight - Overall | Keith Boxell (ENG) | 350 | David Mercer (ENG) | 342.5 | Guy Greavette (CAN) | 340 |
| Sub Heavyweight - Overall | Denis Garon (CAN) | 360 | Duncan Dawkins (ENG) | 332.5 | Andrew Saxton (ENG) | 327.5 |
| Heavyweight - Overall | Kevin Roy (CAN) | 375 | Gino Frantangelo (AUS) | 372.5 | Andrew Davies (WAL) | 370 |
| Super Heavyweight - Overall | Dean Lukin (AUS) | 392.5 | David Bolduc (CAN) | 347.5 | Charles Garzarella (AUS) | 342.5 |
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Light Flyweight | Ron Moncur (CAN) | Duncan Burns (ENG) | David Connelly (SCO) | |||
| Flyweight | Chris Woodcroft (CAN) | James McAlary (AUS) | Nigel Donahue (ENG) | |||
| Bantamweight | Mitch Ostberg (CAN) | Steve Reinsfield (NZL) | Brian Aspen (ENG) | |||
| Featherweight | Paul Hughes (CAN) | Dan Cumming (AUS) | Stephen Bell (NZL) | |||
| Lightweight | Dave McKay (CAN) | Zsigmund Kelevitz (AUS) | Stephen Cooper (ENG) | |||
| Welterweight | Gary Holmes (CAN) | George Marsh (AUS) | Fitzlloyd Walker (ENG) | |||
| Middleweight | Chris Rinke (CAN) | Wally Koenig (AUS) | Anthony Bell (ENG) | |||
| Light Heavyweight | Noel Loban (ENG) | Doug Cox (CAN) | Graeme English (SCO) | |||
| Heavyweight | Clark Davis (CAN) | Robert Algie (NZL) | David Kilpin (ENG) | |||
| Super Heavyweight | Wayne Brightwell (CAN) | Albert Patrick (SCO) | Keith Peache (ENG) | |||
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